Practice of physical activities is related to fine motor skills in elderly / Prática de atividades físicas estão relacionadas a motricidade fina de idosos

Objective: Evaluating the fine motor skills (M1) degree in a group of independent elders, checking its possible association with the weekly practice of physical activities. Methods: 139 independent elders of both genders, aged 60 and older, who responded to a survey about their weekly practice of physical activities and then, later on were subjected to M1 tests according to EMTI, which final scores determine each individual's M1. The elderly were categorized into two groups: 60­70 years­old and above 70 years­old. Results: the female gender was predominant in the sample. Most of the elders (46.56%) showed a M¹ Mean Normal, followed by Inferior levels (29.50%) and Superior levels (23.74%). About 6.5% of the elders do not practice any physical activity, 5% practice it once a week, 53% twice a week and 35.5% more than two times per week. It could be observed that those practicing physical activity at least three times a week have better score on the M1 test (Mann­Whitney Test; p = 0.039). On the other hand, the group older than 70 years had a worse performance (Mann­Whitney Test, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The M1 Normal Medium was the score achieved with the highest percentage in the two age groups analyzed, being the group older than 70 years the one that presented worse performance. In addition, sedentary elderly or those who report having physical activity only once a week also had the worst test results.

Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de Motricidade fina (M1) de um grupo de idosos independentes verificando a possível associação com a frequência semanal de atividade física. Métodos: 139 idosos independentes, de ambos os gêneros, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, que responderam um questionário relacionado a sua frequência semanal de atividade física, e, posteriormente, realizaram testes de M1 de acordo com a EMTI, cuja pontuação final determina a M1 de cada um. Os idosos foram categorizados em dois grupos: 60 a 70 anos e acima de 70 anos. Resultados: O gênero feminino foi predominante (88%) na amostra. A maioria dos idosos (46,56%) apresentaram M1 Normal Médio, seguido de níveis inferiores (29,50%) e superiores (23,74%). Em torno de 6,5% dos idosos da amostra não realizam atividade física, 5% praticam uma vez por semana, 53% duas vezes por semana e 35,5% acima de duas vezes. Foi observado que aqueles que praticam atividade física no mínimo três vezes por semana obtêm melhores pontos pelo teste de M1 (Teste Mann­Whitney; p = 0,039), já o grupo acima de 70 anos teve pior desempenho (Teste Mann­Whitney; p = 0,001). Conclusão: A M1 Normal Médio foi a classificação alcançada com maior percentual nos dois grupos etários analisados, sendo no grupo acima de 70 anos aquele que apresentou pior desempenho. Além disso, idosos sedentários ou que afirmam realizar atividade física apenas uma vez por semana também tiveram os piores resultados nos testes.

Mechanical behavior of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline ceramic after different zirconia surface treatments.

This study investigated the effects of different zirconia surface conditioning methods on the biaxial flexure strength, surface characteristics and fractographic analysis of a Y-TZP ceramic. Disc-shaped specimens were manufactured according to ISO 6872-2008 for biaxial flexure strength testing, and then randomly assigned into seven groups (n=30). Control (CTRL): without treatment; Tribochemical silica coating (TBS): specimens were sandblasted with silica-coated aluminum oxide particles (CoJet-Sand) for 10s; Silica nanofilm (SNF): specimens were silica coated with a 5nm SiO2 nanofilm; and four protocols of low-fusing porcelain glaze (GLZ): etching with 10% hydrofluoric acid gel (HF) for 1min (GLZ1), 5min (GLZ5), 10min (GLZ10) and 15min (GLZ15). Phase transformation, roughness, micro-morphological, flexural analysis tests, and fractographic analyses were performed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the TBS promoted the highest m-phase content (20.35). However, for the GLZ groups, XRD analysis was not sensitive enough to obtain an accurate reading for phase transformation. The GLZ group had the highest roughness values. The TBS group had the highest characteristic strength (1291.38MPa), followed by SNF (999.26MPa). These results suggest that (TBS) and (SNF) treatments did not reduce the mechanical properties, while (GLZ) led to a degradation in the mechanical properties.

Tribochemical Glass Ceramic Coating as a New Approach for Resin Adhesion to Zirconia.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of a novel tribochemical silica coating technique with powders made from feldspathic ceramic and leucite-based ceramic on the bond strength of zirconia to resin cement before and after aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Zirconia blocks were divided into 3 groups according to the material used for airborne-particle abrasion: 1) SP (control): silica-coated alumina particles; 2) FP: feldspathic ceramic powder; 3) LP: leucite glass-ceramic powder. After silanization, composite resin cylinders were cemented on the zirconia surface using a dual-curing resin cement. Prior to the shear bond strength (SBS) test, half of the samples (n = 15) were stored in distilled water for 24 h; the other half (n = 15) were submitted to aging (10,000 thermocycles of 5°C to 55°C; 150 days of water storage). The bond strength data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction analysis were performed. RESULTS: The initial bond strengths did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.053). However, after aging procedures, airborne-particle abrasion with feldspathic ceramic powder (FP) resulted in higher values of bond strength (p = 0.0001). SEM and EDS indicated that all the treatments promoted silica deposition on the Y-TZP surface ceramic. Airborne-particle abrasion with FP and LP induced a lower percentage of the monoclinic phase. CONCLUSION: Airborne abrasion with fine feldspathic ceramic particles is a novel tribochemical technique and appears to be suitable for improving the bond strength between zirconia and resin cements.

Adhesion to Y-TZP ceramic: study of silica nanofilm coating on the surface of Y-TZP.

This study evaluated the influence of silica-based film coatings on the surface of yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP), in particular on the durability of the bond strength between the ceramic and resin cement. Eighty Y-TZP (In-Ceram YZ, Vita) blocks (4 × 4 × 3 mm) were obtained and divided into four groups according to the surface treatments (n = 20): tribochemical silica coating (TBS; Cojet, 3M/ESPE), 5 nm SiO2 nanofilm and silanization (F-5), 500 nm SiO2 nanofilm and silanization (F-500), and 500 nm SiO2 nanofilm + hydrofluoric-acid-etching + silanization (F-500HF). Specimens of composite resin (3.25 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height) were cemented to Y-TZP blocks using resin cement (Relyx ARC). Half of the specimens from each group were tested 24 h after adhesion (B: baseline condition), and the other half were subjected to aging (A: storage for 90 days and 10,000 thermal cycles). The specimens were subjected to shear testing (SBS) (1 mm/min). After testing, the surfaces were analyzed with a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. Micromorphologic and elemental chemical analyses of the treated Y-TZP surface were made by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Bond strength data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05). The surface treatment showed significant differences for B (p = 0.0001) and A (p = 0.0000) conditions. In both storage conditions, TBS and F-5 groups promoted the significantly highest bond strength. Most of the specimens presented adhesive failure. The X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis depicted the highest peak of silica in the TBS, F-5, and F-500 groups. The adhesion to zirconia can be improved if the surface receives a 5 nm layer of SiO2 nanofilm or is subjected to sandblasting with silica particles, followed by silanization.

Complicações bucais dos tratamentos de câncer de cabeça e pescoço e de malignidades hematológicas / Complications of oral treatment of head and neck cancer and hematologic malignancies

Introdução: Os pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço ou malignidades hematológicas e que recebem tratamento radioterápico e/ou quimioterápico apresentam complicações bucais como efeitos colaterais do tratamento. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar as principais complicações bucais decorrentes dos tratamentos antineoplásicos com radioterapia e quimioterapia e as condutas indicadas para prevenir e controlar essas complicações. Revisão de literatura: O estudo constitui-se em uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline que recuperou artigos completos publicados entre 1999 e 2010 nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Foram identificados cinco problemas bucais decorrentes do tratamento antineoplásico: mucosite, xerostomia, candidíase, cárie de radiação e osteorradionecrose. As condutas eram indicadas antes e durante do tratamento. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos procedimentos era indicada durante o tratamento do câncer de acordo com o tipo de complicação apresentada. Considerações finais: Boas condições de saúde bucal dos pacientes submetidos ao tratamento antineoplásico antes e durante o tratamento são fundamentais para diminuir a ocorrência e a severidade das complicações apresentadas. É de fundamental importância o diagnóstico precoce das alterações, o manejo correto das condutas em todos os estágios do tratamento, efetuado de forma multiprofissional. Todos os esforços devem ser dirigidos para que a qualidade de vida dessas pessoas, antes, durante e depois do tratamento seja a melhor possível.